Welcome

I'm Kyle Hutzler - a sixteen year old highly interested in business, economics, and finance. Over the past two years, I've spent upwards of 200 hours working on a policy paper on education reform. My original intentions with this paper - completed independently - were simply to make the most of my perverse sense of fun. Along the way, I happened to learn of the Davidson Fellowship - a scholarship for gifted high-school students.

It was from here that I began to redirect the work for submission - garnering the support of professionals close to home and around the country. In July 2008, I learned that I was selected as a 2008 Fellow and was honored to attend the awards ceremony at the Library of Congress in September. Here you will find the portfolio as submitted in March 2008.
- Fall 2008
Showing posts with label real data. Show all posts
Showing posts with label real data. Show all posts

Sunday, November 25, 2007

Technology in education

In search of a purpose

When a study released this year concluded that educational software doesn't boost test scores, the response on part of the industry was fairly predictable. Take the study with a grain of salt, Mark Schneiderman, a director at the Software and Information Industry Association told reporters. The industry, it seems, is no longer “proud to be the largest commercial supporter of this important study” as one chief executive the organization represents said three years ago.[1]
This latest report serves to highlight the lack of vision for technology in education. Certainly, the most successful initiative was the uninspired roll-out of computer and internet access in schools (see charts). Beyond this, technology's role has been haphazard. Where other efforts have been well-intended, their general inefficiency negates the expense: note library subscriptions to vast databases and their limited use beyond what is forced upon students or the interest in smartboards, digital touchscreens that take place of overhead projectors and whiteboards, without any accompanying leap in teaching.



Laptops and computer labs used to trudge through presentations and the accompanying worksheet does not hint at any return on investment. Even the push for distance learning as an alternative for students is more of a distraction from the reality of poor engagement in the classroom than a substantive stand-alone solution.

A flip of thought
The lack of innovation is at most a problem of thought. Now, technology is pursued to help students learn better. The most practical opportunities involve helping teachers teach better. The flip of thought is significant: if one can reduce the time teachers need – waste is more appropriate – as the “lowliest of bureaucrats,” more time can be directed at creating engaging lessons, nullifying the current arrangement to make learning fun. The last innovation on this front is the Scantron and its enduring bubble tests. Automated is the precise word here, whether it is simply taking the ease of Scantrons one step farther by automatically adding the grades into a teacher's gradebook or more intensive endeavors. Digitizing internal forms and reducing redundancies in information systems serves the same end.

The most pronounced opportunities are in streamlining classes that are targeted to quantifiable student needs. Harnessing “real data” and making use of pre-tests to more effectively direct classes is ideal. Pearson Education sells the Classroom Performance System – a nifty wireless remote with letters A through H for each student and software for teachers that allow them to assemble questions and assessments and sorting through the results in real-time. On the fly, the program can report responses to impromptu questions; the prospect gives a whole new meaning to “Did you get what I'm saying?” If yes, press A.

The Wall Street Journal reports in a whimsical article on schools that are now employing automated phone systems that call parents to notify them based on pre-programmed circumstances. They range from the helpful, school closings, the informative, John scored a C on his math quiz, and the annoying, he has but one dollar left on his lunch account – replayed to every phone number on the student's contact list.[2]


All of this does not discount the need for technology education; yes, students today are the beneficiaries of technological renaissance and yes, as Dr. Kimberley Ketterer writes in Learning & Leading With Technology, students will need to be adept at making the most of it all. But no, schools need not be on the leading edge, or as her counterpart, Rich Gibson, puts it the subsidization of the technology industry's “bloat.”[3] Programs that are often out of reach for individual students deserve the investment; technology that is nothing more than excuse to get out of class do not. Anyways, what is one to do when it all breaks down?


[1] Software’s Efficacy on Tests in Doubt. Amit R. Paley. Washington Post. 5 April 2007.
[2] Schools Discover Automated Calling and Go Wild. Ellen Gamerman. The Wall Street Journal. http://tinyurl.com/2js4m9.
[3] Should Schools Strive to Be on the Leading Edge? Point/Counterpoint. Dr. Kimberley Ketterer and Rich Gibson. Learning & Leading with Technology. October 2005.

Get rid of boredom

Engagement

“We have entered a new era in teaching,” Dr. Jan Borelli, celebrated principal and blogger writes. “We now have the capability to know what the students do or do not know, and we now have the capability to reach most of the children if we use data to guide our instruction.”[1] Following privatization, schools will find it necessary to implement new organizational structures to meet the needs of each student—students needing less instruction offered the opportunity to pursue new endeavors, where those who need it receive all the time necessary.

Harnessing real data

8.1 The classroom is indeed a silent domain —every effort must be made to allow teachers to obtain a real-time sense of their student’s understanding so that they can effectively steer the nature of their lessons without fear of surprise on the next examination. Implementing a wireless response system for use throughout a lesson is a key avenue—soon a real answer to “Did you all understand?” will become apparent.
8.2 An additional area of opportunity for educators will be actively using pre-tests to determine a student’s course structure.

Flattening out

8.3 One change in structure, based loosely upon a block scheduling format, will be the flexibility of course length and depth based on demonstrated student ability—giving students an opportunity to pursue multiple courses in one year.
8.4 This horizontal-block format would be as follows: a student who has five periods a day will have ten blocks per year—each block corresponding with a series of weeks, per course. The system will be highly dependent on the implementation of pretests—likely during next year’s planning in the previous school year.

For example, a student may begin the year with daily courses in geometry, biology, English, and world history. Having mastered ninety-percent in the geometry pretest, he will take geometry for only one block— three to four weeks. At this time he will take the national (and course, if necessary) exam for geometry. If he passes the examination, he will then fill the next nine blocks with as many courses as necessary.


8.5 Each course would reset every one or two blocks for at least one class depending on demand. Some scheduling conflicts would cause the student to pursue one-block enrichment courses until new courses became available.

Change it up

8.6 Some administrators may implement systems of regular classroom reorganization— at two to three times a year, teachers, in coordination with administrators and counselors, would reorganize their master schedules for each student. Pupils who are demonstrating exceptional competency in one class may be bumped up to provide a further challenge; likewise, students who are performing poorly may have the nature of their course changed. This will enable teachers to ensure that they can best tailor their lesson plans to meet the needs of a class without wide disparities in student ability, effort, and potential that become apparent throughout a school year.

This format can begin to address the issues that surround tracking, or enrolling students into distinct “ability-based” groups. Tracking, Jeannie S. Oakes writes, has resulted in “racially disproportionate” enrollments, whose inconsistent and unduly subjective criteria causes “considerable harm” by “inferior opportunities to learn” and resulting lower achievement.[2]

Whereas Ms. Oakes would prefer the abandonment of “discriminatory” tracking to embrace heterogeneous learning environments, Kansas argues that meritocratic schooling depends upon calibrating the intensity of expectations to demonstrated ability. Kansas agrees in full that containment in the name of tracking is scandalously inhibitive. Ms. Oakes’ passion for heterogeneous classes is far more skeptical. An effective education focuses on the individual, not the group. Dynamic tracks offer students an intensive study consistent with their needs – advanced mathematics and basic history should not be mutually exclusive. Even more critical are the necessity for ‘ramps’ that challenge students to extend beyond their ranks – if and when appropriate to the individual student.

Arbitrary mainstreaming can compromise an effective classroom environment, to a degree indistinguishable from a crippling tiered tracking system.[3] This paper and Ms. Oakes share a common ideal in manifesting the ultimate realization of a homogenous class of basic competencies (mastery of the societal bases: basic literacy and mathematics, which is not yet attained) pursuing heterogeneous ends. “Don’t bother to just be better than your contemporaries or predecessors,” William Faulkner wrote. “Try to be better than yourself.”

The one-year class
8.7 This form of block scheduling will be a boon for those who excel—it would not be impossible for a student under such a structure to graduate within one year. Some may pursue opportunities with community colleges or through partnerships with universities, students may participate in distance digital learning programs at school, free or highly subsidized.

This flexibility in incorporating acceleration policies correlates strongly with the report A Nation Deceived, which concludes that the American public education system is ignoring excellence. The report argues that “students are ready for much more challenge than the system provides.” [4] This “lock-step” approach radically hinders development, resulting in boredom. The report highlights that acceleration is the “most effective” curriculum intervention for gifted children, acceleration offers long-term academic and social effects, and is virtually free of cost. The opportunity proposed in this paper is paced, whereas the report recommends above-level testing. Such testing and acceleration would likely be incorporated in the primary years. This paper’s horizontal block format enables both the report’s “grade-based” and “subject-based” acceleration, which can either shorten the length of time enrolled or advance the content level for particular subjects.

The opposite, classes that “stretch into five, six, even seven” years is just as possible in the interest of limiting dropouts.[5]

[1] Dr. Jan’s Blogging Life: Experts From a School Reformer. Jan G. Borelli. The School Administrator. May 2006. http://www.drjansblog.typepad.com/dr_jans_blog/files/aasa_pub_blog.pdf.
[2] Limiting Students’ School Success and Life Chances: The Impact of Tracking. Jeannie S. Oakes. Contemporary Issues in Curriculum. Third Edition 2003. Page 21.
[3] ‘Mainstreaming’ Trend Tests Classroom Goals. John Hechinger. The Wall Street Journal. 25 June 2007.
[4] A Nation Deceived. Nicholas Colangelo, Ph.D., Susan G. Assouline, Ph.D., Miraca U.M. Gross, Ph.D. The Connie Belin & Jacqueline N. Blank International Center for Gifted Education and Talent Development. October 2004.
[5] More Students Finish School, Given the Time. Jennifer Medina. The New York Times. 21 August 2007.